\u201c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff08backfire effect\uff09\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u5bf9\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\uff0c\u90a3\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u80fd\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u4ed6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5316\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u75be\u63a7\u4e2d\u5fc3\u66fe\u9a73\u65a5\u8fc7\u201c\u75ab\u82d7\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d41\u611f\u201d\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u3002\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u9a73\u65a5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u53d8\u5c11\u4e86\uff1a\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u4eba\u4eec\u731c\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u906d\u5230\u53cd\u9a73\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u53bb\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u9006\u53cd\u5fc3\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e72\u8106\u4e00\u786c\u5230\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u6536\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u590d\u5230\u4ece\u672a\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u53d7\u4f17\u5bf9\u8f9f\u8c23\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6297\u8fa9\uff0c\u5982Petrova\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4fe1\u606f\u53d7\u4f17\u611f\u5230\u9762\u5b50\u6216\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u80c1\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u8eab\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u593a\u56de\u6216\u575a\u6301\u539f\u6709\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd8\u6709\u5982\u52a8\u673a\u6027\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e0e\u52a8\u673a\u8bef\u89e3\u7b49\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e09\u7c7b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u201c\u719f\u8bc6\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201dFamiliarity Backfire Effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u719f\u6089\u4f46\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7406\u6027\u7684\u8f9f\u8c23\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u8bb0\u4f4f\u8f9f\u8c23\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u201c\u719f\u6089\u4f46\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5370\u8c61\u66f4\u6df1\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u6210\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u201c\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201dOverkill Backfire Effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6216\u8005\u6240\u8c13\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u603b\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u8eb2\u907f\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u82b1\u592a\u591a\u7cbe\u529b\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201dWorldview Backfire Effect<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u76f4\u63a5\u6311\u6218\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u4e14\u653f\u6cbb\u8ba4\u540c\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u6311\u6218\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u52a0\u575a\u4fe1\u5176\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u53d1\u52a8\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6709\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6218\u540e\u5f53\u90a3\u4e9b\u652f\u6301\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6740\u4f24\u6027\u6b66\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecd\u65e7\u575a\u6301\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u52a8\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5bf9\u653f\u52a1\u8206\u60c5\/\u5ba3\u4f20\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6700\u660e\u663e\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u8206\u60c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u201c\u8f9f\u8c23\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f4\u63a5\u8f9f\u8c23\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1\u5bf9\u7acb\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f9f\u8c23\u540e\u6548\u679c\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u5982\u8f9f\u8c23\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u53e6\u5916\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u975e\u5e38\u8bb2\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u505a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u653f\u52a1\u8206\u60c5\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u907f\u514d\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u9762\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u9010\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u719f\u8bc6\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u8981\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u53d7\u4f17\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4e0d\u8981\u6389\u4e66\u888b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u65e5\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u6df1\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u53ea\u5076\u5c14\u5ba3\u4f20\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u548c\u201c\u719f\u8bc6\u201d\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u6297\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u76f4\u63a5\u9648\u8ff0\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u907f\u514d\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u70b9\u518d\u6b21\u7ed9\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u5e76\u88ab\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u77eb\u6789\u8fc7\u6b63\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u540c\u719f\u8bc6\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9\u8981\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9700\u8981\u907f\u514d\u76f4\u63a5\u629b\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9644\u5f55\u7559\u7ed9\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u56fe\u8868\u7b49\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u53d7\u4f17\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6613\u5f97\u611f\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u56fe\u80dc\u5343\u8a00\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u80af\u5b9a\u53d7\u4f17\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u7f57\u5217\u4e13\u4e1a\u3001\u76f8\u5bf9\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u63d0\u793a\u8bfb\u8005\u8fd9\u7bc7\u662f\u9762\u5411\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u3001\u9700\u8981\u6bd4\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5148\u6697\u793a\u8bfb\u8005\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u53d7\u4f17\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6c89\u4e0b\u5fc3\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u5438\u6536\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5e94\u5bf9\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5ba3\u4f20\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u53d7\u4f17\u6765\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u7684\u3001\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.\u5229\u7528\u8206\u60c5\u76d1\u6d4b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u505a\u63d0\u524d\u7814\u5224\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u7fa4\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u8981\u5ba3\u4f20\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u5e94\u5bf9\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.\u8fce\u5408\u53d7\u4f17\u559c\u597d\uff0c\u8ba9\u8f9f\u8c23\u6216\u8bf4\u670d\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u8fce\u5408\u53d7\u4f17\u65e2\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u63aa\u8f9e\u6216\u6846\u67b6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u9488\u5bf9\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u5143\u5f62\u8c61\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u501f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u540d\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u8bf4\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.\u907f\u7528\u9a73\u65a5\u8a00\u8bcd\u3002\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u4f60\u9519\u4e86\u201d\u201c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u5bf9\u201d\u7b49\u9a73\u65a5\u6027\u8a00\u8bcd\u6765\u8f9f\u8c23\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u80af\u5b9a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u5982\u6211\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86xx\u7684\u597d\u800c\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4.\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u6211\u62bd\u79bb\u3002\u5728\u8f9f\u8c23\u6216\u8bf4\u670d\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u4f17\u81ea\u6211\u62bd\u79bb\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u4f17\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4eba\u79f0\u5199\u4e0b\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u8f9f\u8c23\u6216\u8bf4\u670d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6d88\u51cf\u8c23\u8a00\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u9519\u89c9\u76f8\u4fe1\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u9a73\u65a5\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u96be\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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